英语简单句已采纳

英语简单句已采纳本文简介：句子成分一、介绍与其重要性句子是写作的基本单位，只有写好句子才有可能写好文章。英语的句子成分有八种：主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础。英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律，掌握了句子的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配，就能写出完整、

英语简单句已采纳本文内容：

句子成分

一、介绍与其重要性

句子是写作的基本单位，只有写好句子才有可能写好文章。英语的句子成分有八种：

主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础。英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律，掌握了句子的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配，就能写出完整、正确的句子。

二、句子成份

1、主语（subject）:

句子说明的人或事物。

The

sun

rises

in

the

east.

（名词）

He

likes

dancing.

（代词）

Twenty

years

is

a

short

time

in

history.

（数词）

Seeing

is

believing.

（动名词）

To

see

is

to

believe.

（不定式）

What

he

needs

is

a

book.

（主语从句）

It

is

very

clear

that

the

elephant

is

round

and

tall

like

a

tree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）

2、谓语（predicate）:

说明主语的动作、状态和特征。谓语由动词或动词短语担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。

Action

speaks

louder

than

words.

The

chance

may

never

come

again.

Mary

has

been

working

at

the

dress

shop

since

1994.

3、表语（predicative）:

系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

He

is

a

teacher.

（名词）

Seventy-four!

You

don’t

look

it.

（代词）

Five

and

five

is

ten.

（数词）

He

is

asleep.

（形容词）

His

father

is

in.

（副词）

The

picture

is

on

the

wall.

（介词短语）

My

watch

is

gone

/

missing

/

lost.

（形容词化的分词）

His

plan

is

to

seek

work

in

the

city.

（不定式）

My

first

idea

was

that

you

should

hide

your

feelings.

（表语从句）

常见的系动词还有:

1）.表感官的：be,seem,feel,appear,look,smell,taste,sound;

2）.表状态延续的：remain,stay,keep,continue,stand;

3）.表状态变化的：become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow;

It

sounds

a

good

idea.

The

sound

sounds

strange.

Her

voice

sounds

sweet.

Tom

looks

thin.

The

food

smells

delicious.

The

food

tastes

good.

The

door

remains

open.

Now

I

feel

tired.

4、宾语：表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在动词或动词短语之后。介词后也会跟宾语。

（1）动作的承受者——动宾

I

like

China.

（名词）

He

hates

you.

（代词）

How

many

do

you

need?

We

need

two.

（数词）

I

enjoy

working

with

you.

（动名词）

I

hope

to

see

you

again.

（不定式）

Did

you

write

down

what

he

said?

（宾语从句）

（2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介宾

Are

you

afraid

of

the

snake?

Under

the

snow,there

are

many

rocks.

（3）

双宾语——间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）

He

gave

me

a

book

yesterday.

Give

the

poor

man

some

money.

5、宾补：英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。

We

elected

him

monitor.

（名词）

We

all

think

it

a

pity

that

she

didn’t

come

here.

（名）

We

will

make

them

happy.

（形容词）

We

found

nobody

in.

(副词)

Please

make

yourself

at

home.

(介词短语）

Don’t

let

him

do

that.

（省to不定式）

His

father

advised

him

to

teach

the

lazy

boy

a

lesson.（带to不定式）

Don’t

keep

the

lights

burning.（现在分词）

I’ll

have

my

bike

repaired.

（过去分词）

宾语和宾语补足语一起构成动词的复合结构,也叫做复合宾语

6、主补：对主语的补充。如果上述结构变成被动语态，原宾语成为主语，原宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语

He

was

elected

monitor.

She

was

found

singing

in

the

next

room.

He

was

advised

to

teach

the

lazy

boy

a

lesson.

7、定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之前；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之后。

He

is

a

chemistry

teacher.（名词）

He

is

our

friend.

（代词）

We

belong

to

the

third

world.

（数词）

He

was

advised

to

teach

the

lazy

boy

a

lesson.（形容词）

The

man

over

there

is

my

old

friend.(副词)

The

woman

with

a

baby

in

her

arms

is

my

sister.

(介词)

The

boys

playing

football

are

in

Class

2.（现在分词）

The

trees

planted

last

year

are

growing

well

now.（过去分词）

I

have

an

idea

to

do

it

well.

（不定式）

You

should

do

everything

that

I

do.

（定语从句）

8、状语：用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,句子。

表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。

以下例句按上述顺序排列

I

will

go

there

tomorrow.

The

meeting

will

be

held

in

the

meeting

room.

The

meat

went

bad

because

of

the

hot

weather.

He

studies

hard

to

learn

English

well.

He

didn’t

study

hard

so

that

he

failed

in

the

exam.

I

like

some

of

you

very

much.

If

you

study

hard,you

will

pass

the

exam.

He

goes

to

school

by

bike.

Though

he

is

young,he

can

do

it

well.

六种简单句的基本句型

基本句型一：

Ｓ

Ｖ

（主＋谓）

基本句型二：

Ｓ

Ｖ

Ｐ

（主＋谓＋表）

基本句型三：

Ｓ

Ｖ

Ｏ

（主＋谓＋宾）

基本句型四：

Ｓ

Ｖ

ｏ

Ｏ

（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）

基本句型五：

Ｓ

Ｖ

Ｏ

Ｃ

（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）

基本句型六：There

be

句型

句型一：Ｓ

Ｖ

（主＋谓）

主语+不及物动词+状语

此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。

The

sun

was

shining.

The

moon

rose.

They

talked

for

half

an

hour.

他们谈了半个小时。

The

pen

writes

smoothly.这支笔书写流利。

句型二：主语+连系动词+表语

此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做系动词。

This

is

an

English-Chinese

dictionary.

这是本英汉辞典。

The

dinner

smells

good.

午餐的气味很好。

He

fell

in

love.

他堕入了情网。

Everything

looks

different.

一切看来都不同了。

He

is

growing

tall

and

strong.

他长得又高又壮。

His

face

turned

red.

他的脸红了。

The

trouble

is

that

they

are

short

of

money.

麻烦的是他们缺少钱。

Our

well

has

gone

dry.

我们的井干枯了。

句型三：主语+及物动词+宾语

此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。

Who

knows

the

answer?

谁知道答案？

She

smiled

her

thanks.

她微笑表示感谢。

He

has

refused

to

help

them.

他拒绝帮他们的忙。

He

enjoys

reading.

他喜欢看书。

They

ate

what

was

left

over.

他们吃了剩饭。

He

said

“Good

morning.“他说：“早上好！

I

want

to

have

a

cup

of

tea.

我想喝杯茶。

He

admits

that

he

was

mistaken.

他承认犯了错误。

句型四：主语+及物动词+间宾+直宾

此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者（指物直接宾语），另一个是动作的间接承受者（指人间接宾语）。

通常间接宾语用一个介词for,to来连接，当间接宾语在直接宾语之前时，这一介词往往被省略。

She

ordered

herself

a

new

dress.

她给自己定了一套新衣裳。

She

cooked

her

hu***and

a

delicious

meal.

她给丈夫煮了一餐美馔。

He

brought

you

a

dictionary.

他给你带来了一本字典。

He

denies

her

nothing.

他对她什么都不拒绝。

I

showed

him

my

pictures.

我给他看我的照片。

I

gave

my

car

a

wash.

我洗了我的汽车。

I

told

him

hat

the

bus

was

late.

我告诉他汽车晚点了。

He

showed

me

how

to

run

the

machine.

他教我开机器。

句型五：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语

此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。

常用于这句型的动词有：appoint,call,choose,elect,entitle,find,make,name,nominate(命名)。

They

appointed

him

manager.

他们任命他当经理。

They

painted

the

door

green.

他们把门漆成绿色。

This

set

them

thinking.

这使得他们要细想一想。

They

found

the

house

deserted.

他们发现那房子无人居住。

What

makes

him

think

so?

他怎么会这样想？

We

saw

him

out.

我们送他出去。

He

asked

me

to

come

back

soon.

他要我早点回来。

I

saw

them

getting

on

the

bus.

我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。

句型6

There

be

句型

此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语”构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“……有……”。它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词

be

之后，there

仅为引导词，并无实际语意。此句型有时不用be动词，而用

live,stand,come,go,lie,remain,exist,arrive等。

如：There

stands

a

hill

in

the

middle

of

the

park.

Once

upon

a

time

there

lived

an

old

king

in

the

town.

Be

与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如：

现在有

there

is/are

…

过去有

there

was/were…

将来有

there

will

be…；there

is

/are

going

to

be.

现在已经有

there

has/have

been…

可能有

there

might

be.

肯定有

there

must

be

…/there

must

have

been.

过去曾经有

there

used

to

be

…

似乎有

there

seems/seem/seemed

to

be

…

碰巧有

there

happen/happens/happened

to

be

…

这个村子过去只有一口井。There

was

only

a

well

in

the

village.

客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。Among

the

guests

there

were

two

Americans

and

two

Frenchmen.

天气预报说下午有大风。The

weatherman

says

there’ll

be

a

strong

wind

in

the

afternoon.

灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。The

light

is

on.

There

must

be

someone

ion

the

office.

战前这儿一直有家电影院的.

There

used

to

be

a

cinema

here

before

the

war.

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