雅思剑14阅读原文译文

很多雅思考生为了提高雅思阅读分数,通常在备考期间会刷很多阅读题目,几乎是到达了“逢题必刷”的境界。但也有不少考生反馈这种备考方式的成效并不是十分理想。在此小编需要提醒各位题海战术的关键是试题资料本身,建议考生们日常多多练习一下剑桥雅思真题。下面雅思为大家带来雅思剑14阅读原文译文,希望能够帮助到大家!

雅思剑14阅读原文译文(test2passage1)

Alexander Henderson (1831-1913)

Born in Scotland, Henderson emigrated to Canada in 1855 and became a well-known landscape photographer

Henderson出生在苏格兰,1855年***到了加拿大,并成为了一位著名的风景摄影师。

Alexander Henderson was born in Scotland in 1831 and was the son of a successful merchant. His grandfather, also called Alexander, had founded the family business, and later became the first chairman of the National Bank of Scotland. The family had extensive landholdings in Scotland. Besides its residence in Edinburgh, it owned Press Estate, 650 acres of farmland about 35 miles southeast of the city. The family often stayed at Press Castle, the large mansion on the northern edge of the property, and Alexander spent much of his childhood in the area, playing on the beach near Eyemouth or fishing in the streams nearby.

Alexander Henderson 1831年出生在苏格兰,是一位成功商人的儿子。他的祖父,也叫Alexander,开创了家族企业,后来成为了苏格兰国家银行的第一位主席。这个家族在苏格兰拥有大量广阔的土地。除了在爱丁堡的住所外,还坐拥Press产业,一块距离爱丁堡市东南35英里、占地面积650英亩的农田。一家人经常来到位于这块田地北部边缘的大庄园即Press城堡小住,而Alexander童年的许多时光都在这里度过,要么在Eyemouth附近的海滩上玩耍,要么在附近的溪流边垂钓。

Even after he went to school at Murcheston Academy on the outskirts of Edinburgh, Henderson returned to Press at weekends. In 1849 he began a three-year apprenticeship to become an accountant. Although he never liked the prospect of a business career, he stayed with it to please his family. In October 1855, however, he emigrated to Canada with his wife Agnes Elder Robertson and they settled in Montreal.

即使在去了爱丁堡市郊的Murcheston学院念书以后,Henderson还是会在周末回到Press。在1849年,他开始了为期三年的学徒期,成为一名准会计。尽管从未喜爱过这份商业性工作的前景,他还是坚持从事这份工作,为的是让他的家族开心。但是,在1855年10月,他与妻子Agnes Elder Robertson***去了加拿大,他们定居在蒙特利尔。

Henderson learned photography in Montreal around the year 1857 and quickly took it up as a serious ***. He became a personal friend and colleague of the Scottish-Canadian photographer William Notman. The two men made a photographic excursion to Niagara Falls in 1860 and they cooperated on experiments with magnesium flares as a source of artificial light in 1865. They belonged to the same societies and were among the founding members of the Art Association of Montreal. Henderson acted as chairman of the association’s first meeting, which was held in Notman’s studio on 11 January 1860.

Henderson大约在1857年左右在蒙特利尔学习了摄影术,并很快就将这项业余爱好培养得像模像样。他成为了苏格兰裔加拿大摄影师William Notman的好友和同事。两人在1860年去往尼亚加拉大瀑布进行了一场摄影之旅,他们还在1865年合作进行了利用镁照明弹作为一种人造光源的试验。他们参加了相同的社团,是蒙特利尔艺术协会的共同创办成员。Henderson作为主席主持了这个协会的第一次会议,它于1860年1月11日在Notman的工作室里举行。

In spite of their friendship, their styles of photography were quite different. While Notman’s landscapes were noted for their bold realism, Henderson for the first 20 years of his career produced romantic images, showing the strong influence of the British landscape tradition. His artistic and technical progress was rapid and in 1865 he published his first major collection of landscape photographs. The publication had limited circulation (only seven copies have ever been found), and was called Canadian Views and Studies. The contents of each copy vary significantly and have proved a useful source for evaluating Henderson’s early work.

虽然二人的友谊甚笃,他们的摄影风格却截然不同。Notman的风景照因其大胆直白的现实主义而闻名,而Herderson在自己职业生涯的头20年里拍摄的却是浪漫主义画面,显示出他受到了英国风景画传统的浓厚影响。他在艺术性和技术性方面的进步极快,在1865年,他出版了自己的第一套风景照片大合集。这套册子的出版流通有限(目前只找到了七本),取名为《加拿大风景与研究》。每一本中的内容都与其他本迥然不同,成为了评估Henderson早期作品的一个有用来源。

In 1866, he gave up his business to open a photographic studio, advertising himself as a portrait and landscape photographer. From about 1870 he dropped portraiture to specialize in landscape photography and other views. His numerous photographs of city life revealed in street scenes, houses, and markets are alive with human activity, and although his favourite subject was landscape he usually composed his scenes around such human pursuits as farming the land, cutting ice on a river, or sailing down a woodland stream. There was sufficient demand for these types of scenes and others he took depicting the lumber trade, steamboats and waterfalls to enable him to make a living. There was little competing hobby or *** photography before the late 1880s because of the time-consuming techniques involved and the weight of the equipment. People wanted to buy photographs as souvenirs of a trip or as gifts, and catering to this market, Henderson had stock photographs on display at his studio for mounting, framing, or inclusion in albums.

在1866年,他放弃了自己的原职,开设了一家摄影工作室,将自己宣传为一名人像与风景摄影师。从大约1870年开始,他彻底放弃了人像摄影,专注于拍摄风景照和其他景象照。他拍下了数不胜数的城市生活照片,这些街道景象、房屋和市场全都因为有了芸芸众生活动其中而显得充满生机,虽然他最喜爱的题材是风景照,但他通常会将自己的画面构建在这样一些普通人的烟火生活上,例如耕种农田、河上取冰或沿林中溪流泛舟而下。对于他所拍摄的这类景象和其他描绘伐木活计、蒸汽船和瀑布的影像的需求量充足,从而令他可以赖此谋生。在19世纪80年代末期之前,几乎没有其他爱好类或业余类摄影行当来与他竞争,因为拍摄照片要牵扯到费时颇久的技术和沉重的设备。人们想要购买相片作为一趟旅行的纪念品或是礼物,而为了迎合这一市场需求,Henderson在自己的工作室里展出了大量储备照片,以供随时镶嵌、加框,或收录集结成册。

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