药学英语翻译答案

药学英语翻译答案本文简介：一、熟悉下列句子的翻译1.Inadditiontotherevolutioninnewclassesofdrugs,anequallymomentousrevolutionistakingplaceindrugdelivery.除药物种类的革命外，药物给药系统也在进行一场同样令人震撼的革命。2.Th

药学英语翻译答案本文内容：

一、熟悉下列句子的翻译

1.

In

addition

to

the

revolution

in

new

classes

of

drugs,an

equally

momentous

revolution

is

taking

place

in

drug

delivery.

除药物种类的革命外，药物给药系统也在进行一场同样令人震撼的革命。

2.

The

body

can

make

about

a

trillion

different

antibodies,produced

by

shuffling

and

reshuffling

their

constituent

parts.

通过对构成成分的改组和再改组，机体可以产生约一万亿个不同的抗体。

3.

Under

current

law,all

new

drugs

need

proof

that

they

are

effective,as

well

as

safe,before

they

can

be

approved

for

marketing.

现有法律要求，所有的新药都必须具有其有效、安全的证据才能被批准上市。

4．There

is

no

agreement

whether

nursing

mothers

could

use

Alexan.

哺乳期妇女是否能用爱力生尚无统一意见。

5.

The

prescription

must

be

signed

and

dated

by

the

practitioner

and

include

his

address.

处方必须由医生亲笔签名，并注明日期和医生的地址。

6.

Cells

possess

a

nucleus

which

contains

genetic

ination

in

the

of

DNA.

细胞含有一个细胞核，其中含有以脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）形式表达的基因信息。

7.

A

drug

that

is

not

covered

by

patent

rights

may

be

available

in

several

proprietary

ulations

of

the

same

generic

preparation.

没有专利权保护的药物可以用于同一个仿制剂型的多个专利配方中。

8.

When

a

drug

is

used

by

millions,there

are

certain

to

be

adverse

reactions

even

though

the

risk

to

any

inpidual

is

small.

当某种药物被数百万人使用时，肯定会有不良反应出现，尽管具体到个人，这种危险性并不大。

9.

The

end

point

is

also

called

equivalent

point,since

the

titrant

and

tested

sample

are

chemically

equivalent.

滴定终点也称为等当点，因为测定剂和被测样本在化学量上是相等的。

10.

It

is

estimated

that

less

than

30%

of

the

hypertensive

patients

have

their

blood

pressure

adequately

controlled.

据估计，只有不到30%的患者的高血压得到了适当的控制。

11.

Based

on

the

data

collected,numerous

valuable

compounds

can

be

determined

without

reference

to

specimens

of

that

same

compound.

从已收集的资料中可以看出，通过高通量筛选，已经发现了很多有价值的化合物。

12.

General-sales-list

preparations

are

medicines

that

can

be

supplied

by

most

retailers

in

supermarkets,etc.

普通销售药是可以在超市等普通店铺销售的药品。

13.

The

maintenance

dosage

is

determined

by

response

of

the

patient.

维持剂量视患者对药物的反应而定。

14.

There

is

a

possibility

that

some

patients

may

show

hypersensitivity

to

the

drug.

有可能某些患者对本品过敏。

15.

Such

small

molecule

agents

are

simpler

to

develop

and

many

be

clinically

superior.

这样的小分子制剂较容易开发，临床上也比较有优势。

16.

The

range

of

novel

chemical

entities

developed

has

occasionally

led

to

unexpected

toxicity.

一些新型的化学制品，偶尔会产生意想不到的毒副作用。

17.

Living

cells

continually

trans

materials.

活体细胞不断转化一些物质。

18.To

continue

to

exploit

natural

sources

for

drug

candidates,the

focus

must

be

on

exploiting

newer

approaches

for

natural

product

drug

discovery.

我们要继续开发自然资源选择候选药物，其重点必须放在探索天然药物的更新开发方法上。

19.No

physician

should

rely

on

the

package

ｉｎｓｅｒｔ

as

his

sole

source

of

drug

ination.

医生不应该仅仅依赖药品说明书作为他了解药品信息的唯一来源。

20.

Drugs

with

such

serious

potential

dangers

as

these

should

be

used

only

if

life

is

threatened

and

nothing

else

will

work.

这些有严重危险性的药物只有在生命垂危或其他地方无效时才使用。

21.

It

has

been

assumed

that

the

plasma

drug

concentration

is

directly

proportional

to

the

clinical

effect

of

that

drug.

现在普遍认为，***药物浓度与该药的临床效果有直接的对应关系。

22.

Absorption

is

the

process

of

a

drug

entering

systemic

circulation

from

its

site

of

administration．

吸收是药物从其给药位点进入体循环的过程。

23.Water

for

injection

is

the

most

widely

used

vehicle

for

parenteral

preparations．

注射用水是肠胃外制剂最常用的溶剂。

24.

Dietary

supplements

containing

ephedra

present

an

unreasonable

risk

of

illness

or

injury,and

should

not

be

consumed.

含有麻黄的膳食补充剂存在严重风险，会引发疾病和造成伤害，不宜服用。

25.

The

world

of

human

immunodeficiency

virus

(HIV)

vaccines

has

suffered

a

baffling

setback.

The

first

trial

of

a

vaccine

designed

to

elicit

strong

cellular

immunity

has

shown

no

protection

against

infection.

艾滋病病毒（HIV）疫苗研究领域遭受了一次令人困惑的挫折。一种为引发细胞增强免疫力而设计的疫苗初次试验就显示对感染毫无保护作用。

26.

Mean

peak

serum

concentrations

of

tobramycin

occur

between

30

and

about

60

minutes

after

intramuscular

administration.

肌肉注射后约30~60分钟之间妥布霉素的平均血药浓度达到高峰。

27.

Migraine

and

symptoms

that

may

suggest

a

vestibular

disorder

(vestibular

symptoms-VS)

often

co-exist.

In

part

due

to

a

lack

of

standardized

diagnostic

criteria,this

relationship

remains

unknown

to

many

physicians.

隐匿性偏头痛和前庭功能紊乱症状（前庭症状-VS）往往并存。在某种程度上，由于缺乏规范化的诊断标准，很多内科医生仍然对二者之间的关系了解不够。

28.

OTC

drugs

play

an

increasingly

vital

role

in

America

s

health

care

system

by

providing

easy

access

to

certain

drugs

that

can

be

used

safely

without

the

help

of

a

health

care

practitioner.

OTC药品提供无需医生指导就能安全用药的简易途径，它们在美国的保健体系中起着越来越重要的作用。

29.

Prolonged

and

high

levels

of

corticosteroids

are

used

by

Western

medical

practitioners

to

help

in

the

treatment

of

SARS.

西医延期并大剂量使用皮质类固醇以辅助治疗非典型肺炎。

30.

Relatively

insoluble

amine

salts

of

penicillin,such

as

the

procaine

salt,are

also

stable

as

dry

powders

for

a

period

of

3

years

or

more

at

room

temperature,as

are

combinations

of

procaine

and

potassium

penicillin.

相对不溶性的青霉素铵盐，如普鲁卡因盐，和普鲁卡因和青霉素钾的混合物一样，以干燥粉末状态在室温下也可以保存3年或者更长时间。

31.

The

purpose

of

the

FDA

control

of

the

package

ｉｎｓｅｒｔ

is

not

to

legislate

thepractice

of

medicine.

美国食品和药物管理局控制药品说明书的目的并不是对医疗工作立法。

32.

The

basic

unit

of

DNA

is

a

linear

polymer

of

four

different

monomeric

subunits,deoxyribonucleotides,arranged

in

a

precise

linear

sequence.

脱氧核糖核酸的基本单位是由四种不同的脱氧核糖核苷酸单一亚单位以精确的线性序列进行排列而构成的线性聚合物。

33.

Drug

development

aims

to

produce

a

novel

therapeutic

agent

which

is

superior

in

efficacy

to

existing

remedies

and

which

causes

less

frequent

or

less

severe

adverse

effects.

药物研发旨在生产出在疗效上优于现存药品、且副作用发生率及程度降低的新型治疗药物。

34.The

endocrine

system

consists

of

a

widely

distributed

group

of

glands

that

release

specific

chemical

substances

called

hormones.

内分泌系统由一组广泛分布于人体各处的腺体构成，腺体释放出被称为激素的特异化学物质。

35.

It

is

an

interesting

development

that

an

old

technique

sometimes

achieves

new

importance

when

it

is

modified

with

the

incorporation

of

modern

advances

in

instrumentation.

有意思的进展是，随着现代仪器分析方法的进步，当老方法与其相结合而得到改进时，老方法有时候便有了新的意义。

36.

The

fact

that

the

physician

followed

the

recommendations

in

the

package

ｉｎｓｅｒｔ

does

not

absolve

him

from

responsibility

for

harm

resulting

to

his

patient,nor

does

failure

to

follow

the

recommendations

in

the

package

ｉｎｓｅｒｔ

necessarily

render

him

legally

culpable.

医生按照药品说明书上的建议开药的事实并不能使他开脱药物对其病人造成伤害的责任，同样，医生不按照药品说明书上的建议开药也必然使他受到处罚。

37.

The

foregoing

situation

must

be

distinguished

from

use

of

the

drug

when

the

package

ｉｎｓｅｒｔ

states

that

the

drug

is

contraindicated

in

infants

or

children

on

the

basis

of

studies

showing

it

to

be

unsafe

or

ineffective

in

these

age

groups.

上述情形应区分在以下情况使用药物：药品说明书已声明此药物禁忌用于婴幼儿或者儿童，因为种种的研究结果表明该药物对这个年龄组的人群不安全或者无效。

38.

A

senior

cutive

with

Britain

s

biggest

drugs

company

has

admitted

that

most

prescription

medicines

do

not

work

on

most

people

who

take

them.

英国最大药业公司的一位高级行政官员承认大多数处方药对大多数的服药者没有效果。

39.

Studies

in

animals

have

not

demonstrated

a

teratogenic

effect;

however,in

the

absence

of

clinical

data,the

risk

of

malation

cannot

be

excluded.

Therefore,for

safety

reason,it

is

preferable

to

avoid

prescription

during

pregnancy.

动物实验没有提示致畸作用；但是由于缺乏临床资料，致畸的危险不能排除。因此，出于安全理由，最好避免在妊娠期间服用该药物。

40.

Do

not

take

a

double

dose

to

make

up

for

a

forgotten

dose,just

carry

on

with

the

next

dose

at

the

usual

time.

不要服用双倍药量以弥补漏服的情况，只要下次正常时间服用就可以了。

41.

Calcium

ion

plays

a

critical

role

in

coupling

surface

membrane

depolarization

to

muscle

contraction．

钙离子在偶联表面膜去极化和肌肉收缩方面起到关键作用。

42．When

the

hospital

started

extensive

use

of

erythromycin,however,resistant

staphylococcus

strains

began

to

appear.

然而，自从医院开始广泛应用红霉素以来，耐药葡萄球菌菌株开始出现。

43.

Halcion

is

a

potent

short-acting

hypnotic

agent,which

produces

its

hypnotic

activity

from

the

first

night

of

administration.

海尔神是一种强力短效催眠药，它从服药后的第一个夜晚开始产生催眠作用。

45.Failure

of

the

kidney

to

eliminate

potassium

leads

to

hyperkalemia

along

with

other

electrolyte

imbalance

and

acidosis.

因肾脏衰竭而对钾的吸收排斥会导致高钾血症和其他电解质紊乱以及酸中毒。

46．The

compounds

discovered

suffer

from

inadequate

persity,have

low

hit

rates,and

some

of

them

are

of

poor

bioavailability

or

toxicity

profiles.

已发现的化合物结构缺乏多样性，成功率低，有些生物利用度不高，毒性大等。

47.

Patients

with

well

established

pneumococcal

pneumonia

appear

acutely

ill.

确诊肺炎球菌性肺炎的患者呈急性病容。

48.

Although

there

is

no

doubt

that

microbes

were

observed

and

discovered

as

early

as

the

17th

century,microbiology

is

only

getting

started

as

a

science.

毫无疑问，尽管早在17世纪人们就观察并发现了微生物，但是微生物学作为一门科学才刚刚起步。

49.

A

variety

of

early

detection

s

have

been

introduced

to

identify

adverse

drug

reactions

as

swiftly

as

possible.

有多种早期检测方法可以帮助我们尽可能快地发现不良反应。

50.

Other

factors

that

influence

the

efficacy

of

different

drugs

must

be

taken

into

account,and

appropriate

therapies

should

be

made

according

to

the

particular

conditions

of

different

patients.

决定适当的治疗方案时，还必须考虑药物的各种影响因素，并结合病人的具体情况。

51.

This

provides

a

means

of

uating

the

potency

of

many

pharmaceutical

products.

这种方法可用于许多药物的效力评价。

52.

For

instance,insulin

is

an

example

of

a

hormone

that

experiences

triggered

release

in

the

body.

例如，胰岛素就是一种在生理条件下经过触发而释放的激素。

53．The

benefit

of

the

treatment

should

be

assessed

after

3

months.

三个月后评价治疗效果。

54.

To

fight

disease,the

immune

system

generates

proteins

known

as

antibodies

that

bind

to

invading

organisms.

为了对抗疾病，免疫系统生成了被称为抗体的蛋白质，它们附着在入侵的生物体上。

55.

In

patients

with

this

disease

the

daily

dose

should

be

reduced

and

the

patients

carefully

followed.

对于患有该病的病人，应减少每日用药剂量，并对病人进行仔细观察。

56.

There

is

great

economy

of

parts

and

processes,achieved

by

regulation

of

the

catalytic

activity

of

key

enzymes.

通过关键酶催化活性的调控可以省去很多反应部分和反应过程。

57.

When

an

enzyme

is

synthesized

in

response

to

chemical

stimulus,the

phenomenon

is

known

as

induction.

酶对化学***起反应而被合成的现象称为诱导。

59.

Nor

should

they

discourage

certain

preventive

uses

of

antibiotics

which

have

proved

extremely

valuable.

对于被证明是有效的抗生素，人们也不应阻挠它们的预防性作用。

二、熟悉以下概念

直译和意译：尤金奈达对翻译的定义。

直译：不失原文的语气、结构和风格，比较完整的按照原文的意义翻译。

意译：不按照原文的语言结构，根据译入语的语言习惯将原文的意思翻译出来。

语义翻译和交际翻译：彼特纽马克提出。

语义翻译：重视原文的形式和原作者的原意。

交际翻译：强调译文的效果

归化和异化：归化：译者将原外语语言文本用适合译入语语言的方式表达出来。

异化：译者将原外语语言文本的表达方式直接引入到译入语当中，使原文保留原来的风格。

尤金·奈达提出的翻译步骤：分析、转换、重组、检验

药学英语语篇的词汇特征：专业术语多、两栖词汇多、隐喻性词语、首字母缩略词多

语段连接：附加、相反、原因、时间

药学英语语篇的特征：语域特征：语场：都是有关药学类课程的知识以及相关知识，范围广而专业

语旨：形式主要是介绍药学类学科知识以及相关知识

语式：几乎全是书面语篇

多采用词汇衔接和语法衔接手段实现句子之间的语义连贯

韩礼德的理论分析情境语境的三个参数：语场、语式、语旨

三、熟悉以下术语

意译(Free

Translation)

直译(Literal

Translation

)

异化(

Foreignization

)

归化(Domestication)

语法衔接(grammatical

cohesion)

连接(conjunction)

搭配(collocation)

词汇衔接(lexical

cohesion)

语意翻译(Semantic

Translation)

交际翻译(Communicative

Translation)

元语言功能(the

metalingual

function)

诗意功能(the

poetic

function)

呼唤功能(vocative

function)

表达功能(expressive

function)

信息功能(inative

function)

人际功能(the

phatic

function)

功能对等(Functional

Equivalence)

形式对等(al

Equivalence)

动态对等(Dynamic

Equivalence)

专门用途英语(English

for

Specific

Purpose)

汉藏语系(Sino-Tibetan)

印欧语系(Indo-European)

形合语言(hypotactic

;

hypotaxis)

方块字(ideographic)

外显性(overtness)

隐含性(covertness)

意合语言(paratactic

;

parataxis)

拼写文字(alphabetic)

药量(dosage)

药剂师(pharmacist)

用药过量(overdosage)

日常用量(daily

dosage)

活性成分(Active

ingredients)

药品说明书(Package

ｉｎｓｅｒｔ)

不良反应(Adverse

Reaction)

用药建议(medical

advice)

罕见病用药(orphan

drug)

后遗症(sequel)

药典(

Pharmacopoeia)

常用药(common

drug)

四.

段落翻译

1.

课文第6章段落翻译部分1至5篇

2.

课文第6章篇章翻译部分1、3、5篇