英语基本成分和句型结构

英语基本成分和句型结构本文简介：英语基本成分和句型结构Consolidation:Writedownthewordsaccordingtothesegivenphoneticsymbols英语有多少词类?名词(n.)如book,computer,water.代词(pron.)如I,you,his.动词(v.)如come,write

英语基本成分和句型结构本文内容：

英语基本成分和句型结构

Consolidation:

Write

down

the

words

according

to

these

given

phonetic

symbols

英语有多少词类?

名词

(n.)

如

book,computer,water.

代词

(pron.)

如

I,you,his.

动词

(v.)

如

come,write,bring.

形容词(adj./a.)

如

happy,surprised,clear.

副词

(adv./ad)

如

here,today,happily.

数词

(num.)

如

four,sixty,fourth.

介词

(prep.)

如

on,under,about.

连词

(conj.)

如

and,or,when.

冠词

(art.)

如

a,the.

感叹词

(int.)

如

oh,ouch,dear.

词类学习要点

Translation:

今天他值日。

妈妈非常喜欢我。

这辆车不是我的，是汤姆的。

2.

动词分为四类：实义动词（及物动词，不及物动词），系动词，助动词，和情态动词。

1.Tom

works

in

this

factory

and

works

a

new

machine.

2.My

uncle

runs

a

big

shop.

3.The

girl

looks

happy

and

looks

happily

at

everyone.

4.You

needn’t

buy

a

walkman

but

you

need

a

new

record.

5.Her

mother

stays

young

and

stays

at

home

every

day.

6.Our

manager

hasn’t

come

because

she

has

a

few

guests

to

receive.

7.Do

you

often

do

your

homework

at

home?

3.

动词原形不能做主语

帮助他人的确是一件快乐的事情。

Help

others

is

really

a

pleasure.(×)

4.

副词修饰？

The

girl

speaks

English

very

good.

The

farmers

treat

us

very

friendly.

Most

of

us

very

like

English.

句子基本成分

主语

是一个句子所叙述的主体，是动作的发出者，一般位于句首。

(一)

主语：

1.During

the

1990s,American

country

music

has

become

more

and

more

popular.

2.We

often

speak

English

in

class.

3.One-third

of

the

students

in

this

class

are

girls.

4.To

swim

in

the

river

is

a

great

pleasure.

5.Smoking

does

harm

to

the

health.

6.The

rich

should

help

the

poor.

谓语

说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。

1.I

don

t

like

the

picture

on

the

wall.

2.The

days

get

longer

and

longer

when

summer

comes.

3.Do

you

usually

go

to

school

by

bus?

4.What

I

want

to

tell

you

is

this.

5.We

had

better

send

for

a

doctor.

6.He

is

interested

in

music.

表语

用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。

1.Our

teacher

of

English

is

an

American.

2.The

weather

has

turned

cold.

3.His

job

is

to

teach

English.

4.His

hobby

is

playing

football.

5.Soon

they

all

became

interested

in

the

subject.

6.Time

is

up.

7.She

was

the

first

to

learn

about

it.

8.Three

times

seven

is

twenty

one.

宾语

表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面

1.My

brother

hasn‘t

done

his

homework.

2.People

all

over

the

world

speak

English.

3.They

didn

t

know

who

“Father

Christmas“really

is.

4.How

many

new

words

did

you

learn

last

class?

5.Some

of

the

students

in

the

school

want

to

go

swimming.

6.The

old

man

sitting

at

the

gate

said

he

was

ill.

(五)

划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语

①

Please

tell

us

a

story.

②

My

father

bought

a

new

bike

for

me

last

week.

③

Mr.

Li

is

going

to

teach

us

history

next

term.

④

Here

is

a

pen.

Give

it

to

Tom.

⑤

Did

he

leave

any

message

for

me?

宾语补足语

英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语对宾语进行补充说明，才能使句子的意义完整。

(六)

挑出下列句中的宾语补足语

1.

I

found

the

book

interesting.

2.

Do

you

smell

something

burning?

3.

He

made

himself

known

to

them.

4.

She

likes

the

children

to

read

newspapers

and

books

in

the

reading-room.

5.

He

asked

her

to

take

the

boy

out

of

school.

6.

She

found

it

difficult

to

do

the

work.

7.

They

call

me

Lily

sometimes.

8.

I

saw

Mr.

Wang

get

on

the

bus.

9.

Did

you

see

Li

Ming

playing

football

on

the

playground

just

now?

10.We

must

keep

it

a

secret.

简单句的五种基本句型

基本句型一：

S

+

V

(主＋谓)

基本句型二：

S

+V

+P

(主＋系＋表)

基本句型三：

S

+V

+O

(主＋谓＋宾)

基本句型四：

S

+V

+IO

+DO

(主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾)

基本句型五：

S

+V

+O

+C

(主＋谓＋宾＋宾补)

主语

＋

不及物动词

S

+V

She

came．

主语

＋

及物动词

＋

宾语

S

+V

+O

She

likes

English.

主语

＋

系动词

＋

表语

S

+V

+P

She

is

happy．

主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语

S

+V

+IO

+DO

She

gave

John

a

book．

She

bought

a

book

for

me.

主语＋宾补动词＋宾语＋宾语补语

S

+V

+O

+C

She

makes

her

mother

angry．

The

teacher

asked

me

to

read

the

passage

指出下面句子分别属于哪个句型

①I

will

spend

this

summer

holiday

in

the

countryside.

②In

the

countryside

I

can

enjoy

a

comfortable

and

quiet

life.

③

There,the

air

is

fresh

and

the

water

is

clean.

④

I

can

hear

birds

singing

in

the

green

trees.

⑤

I

can

also

go

boating,fishing,and

swimming

in

the

lake.

⑥

All

this

gives

me

a

lot

of

happiness.

⑦

So

I

want

to

go

to

the

countryside

for

a

change.